Mali
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The Mali test site in Africa is one of the Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) founded by Cosnefroy [1]. There are dune patterns at detailed scale towards the northern part of the site. The spatially homogeneous area is about 10 km by 10 km by 25 km to 25 km. The site appears to be very flat and variation of altitude inside this site varies only about 10 m [2]. The site is spatially homogeneous and fulfills the threshold [3 percent] of spatial homogeneity in [1]. The yearly average cloud cover varies from 20-30 percent for the Mali site[1].
This site has been used in satellite sensor calibration works as well as for cross-calibration study of different medium resolution sensors. In a recent study of the PICS [3], it has been found that Mali site has higher Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) median value > 0.39, which caused further consideration in choosing this site for satellite calibration. Aerosol correction and/or selection of the clearest day may be needed for an accurate calibration.
Closest AERONET station = Bordj_Badji_Mokhtar [ 21.38°, 0.92°]
| Location (City, State, Country): |
Mali, Africa
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|---|---|
| Landsat WRS - 2 Path / Row: |
198/47
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| Center Latitude (degrees): |
N 19.12
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| Center Longitude (degrees): |
W 4.85
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| CEOS Region of Interest |
N 19.12, W 4.85 Search this area in EarthExplorer (Landsat 8-9 Collection 2 Level-1) - date range, datasets, cloud cover and other criteria can be modified once initial results are returned |
| Size of Usable Area (km): |
25 x 25
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| UTM Zone: |
31
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| Altitude above sea level (meters): |
305
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| Purpose: |
Radiometry
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| Status: |
Active
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- Cosnefroy, Helene, Marc Leroy, and Xavier Briottet. "Selection and characterization of Saharan and Arabian desert sites for the calibration of optical satellite sensors." Remote Sensing of Environment 58, no. 1 (1996): 101-114.
- Lacherade, Sophie, Bertrand Fougnie, Patrice Henry, and Philippe Gamet. "Cross calibration over desert sites: Description, methodology, and operational implementation." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 51, no. 3 (2013): 1098-1113.
- Bacour, Cédric, Xavier Briottet, François-Marie Bréon, Françoise Viallefont-Robinet, and Marc Bouvet. "Revisiting Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS) over sand deserts for vicarious calibration of optical imagers at 20 km and 100 km scales." Remote Sensing 11, no. 10 (2019): 1166.
Note: This information has been compiled by the USGS ECCOE Team, using the best sources currently known. Updates will be made as more information becomes available. Please contact eccoe@usgs.gov with any updates you would like to contribute.